How to Spot Storm Roof Damage: A Homeowner's Diagnostic Guide

Intro A strong storm can leave subtle or severe damage to a roof. For many homeowners the first question is simple: "Is this an emergency?" This guide helps you spot common signs after wind, hail, falling debris, or tornado events, document what you find, and decide whether to call Conley's Roofing for emergency roofing or Roof Repair near you.

We write this for homeowners who want practical, safe steps. Conley's certified inspectors use industry-standard inspection forms and diagnostic photos. Use this guide to assess severity, avoid common mistakes, and prepare clear records for insurance adjusters.

Problem / Scenario

Storms come in many forms: fast-moving hailstorms, sustained hurricane-force winds, sudden tornadoes, or heavy wet snow and ice. Each type can damage roofing materials, flashing, gutters, vents, and structures under the roof. Damage may be obvious — missing shingles or a leaking ceiling — or it may hide for weeks, leading to rot, mold, or structural problems.

Common homeowner scenarios:

• You see dark stains on the ceiling after a thunderstorm.
• A neighbor’s tree limb struck your roof during high winds.
• A late-season hailstorm left small dents across multiple surfaces.
• Ice dams formed on eaves during a quick thaw, and you find water stains inside.

Why early diagnosis matters:

• Early documentation can speed an insurance claim.
• Quick temporary repairs can limit water damage.
• Knowing what to fix first helps avoid unnecessary expense.

This guide walks you step-by-step from a safe ground-level scan to attic checks, explains which signs point to hail versus wind damage, and shows how to document everything for adjusters.

First-look exterior signs 🙂 (Ground-level scan)

Start from the curb or driveway. A careful ground-level scan often reveals obvious storm damage without climbing on the roof.

What to look for:

• Missing or shifted shingles: whole shingles gone, edges lifted, or sections of roof showing different color/pattern.
• Granule loss: dark streaks on downspouts or gutters; bald spots on shingles where granules are gone.
• Dented gutters, downspouts, or metal flashing: small rounded dents often point to hail.
• Exposed underlayment: black or felt visible where shingles have been torn away.
• Debris impact: broken branches, split decking visible at soffits or fascia.
• Damaged vents and skylights: cracked or dented vents, broken skylight glazing.
• Chimney flashing damage: gaps, loose metal, or sealing compound torn away.

Quick tips:

• Use binoculars for a closer look from the ground.
• Note the roof slope and material (asphalt shingle, tile, metal) — this affects likely damage and repair options.
• Photograph everything from multiple angles (see photo checklist).

Hail-specific clues

• Circular bruising on shingles: look for small round dark marks or missing granules in circular patterns.
• Dented flashing and metal vents: round dents in metal gutters, drip edges, or vent caps.
• Cracked or fractured tiles: ceramic or concrete tiles may have hairline cracks that worsen over time.
• Granule piles in gutters: sudden increase in granules suggests hail impact.

How hail damages different materials:

• Asphalt shingles: granule loss, bruising, loss of protective layer.
• Metal roofs: dents that may affect water flow.
• Tile roofs: cracked or broken tiles, often with displaced underlying tiles.

Wind-specific clues

• Lifted tabs and torn edges: shingles with curled or raised edges, or tabs that lift from the roof deck.
• Creased or split shingles: folded or creased shingle material is weakened and may lead to leaks.
• Shingles missing in clusters: wind often rips off shingles in adjacent sections.
• Damaged ridge cap or soffit: wind can blow off ridge vents, cap shingles, or damage eaves.

Typical wind damage patterns:

• Higher damage on windward sides and ridgelines.
• Loose nails pulled from sheathing, creating paths for water.
• Damaged flashing where wind can force water under materials.

Interior warning signs

Not all roof damage is visible from outside. Check inside the house and attic for early signs.

Common interior clues:

• New ceiling stains: brown or yellow spots after storms indicate water intrusion.
• Sagging drywall or ceilings: a sign of trapped water or structural compromise.
• Attic daylight: patches of light showing through roof boards or sheathing when the attic is inspected during daylight.
• Damp or wet insulation: insulation that clumps or feels cold and wet needs immediate attention.
• Musty smells or mold spots: indicate ongoing moisture that may have started at the roof level.
• Drips or active leaks: water falling through the ceiling — treat as urgent.

How to check the attic safely:

• Use a flashlight and wear gloves and a dust mask.
• Walk only on joists or installed flooring in the attic.
• Look for wet spots on the underside of sheathing, rust on nails, or damp insulation.
• Check around vents, plumbing stacks, skylights, and chimneys — these are common leak paths.

Authoritative safety note:

• Follow ladder and fall protection guidance from OSHA when doing any roof or attic access. If you are unsure about safe access, avoid climbing and call a professional.

Safe inspection workflow (from ground level to attic checks)

Start safe. Do not climb a wet, icy, or very steep roof. If you see sagging or active leaks, treat the situation as potentially hazardous and call emergency roofing.

Step-by-step safe workflow:

1. Ground-level scan
   • Walk around the property and note visible damage.
   • Check gutters, downspouts, and ground for shingle fragments or granules.
2. Photograph and document
   • Use a checklist and take timestamped photos from multiple angles.
3. Elevation scan with binoculars
   • Look for lifted shingles, exposed underlayment, and dented metal.
4. Perimeter gutter & flashing check
   • Inspect gutters from ground to detect dents and granule buildup.
5. Attic inspection
   • Only enter an attic if conditions are dry and you can do so safely.
   • Check for daylight, wet sheathing, and damp insulation.
6. Decide next steps
   • If you see structural failure, heavy leaks, or sagging, stop and call Conley's for emergency roofing.
   • If damage is minor and safe, schedule a full inspection.

When to avoid climbing:

• Roof is wet, icy, or covered with debris.
• Recent storm included lightning.
• Roof slope exceeds your comfort and safety level.
• You lack stable ladder support or fall protection.
• There are visible electrical hazards or downed power lines nearby.

Photo and measurement checklist for insurance adjusters (angles, scale references, timestamps)

When documenting damage, clear photos and measurements are key. Adjusters and contractors rely on good records.

Photo checklist:

• Wide shot of the entire roof from ground level showing overall condition and context (include the house).
• Close-ups of damaged areas (shingles, flashing, vents, gutters).
• Photos of damaged landscaping, downspout, and nearby debris that caused impact.
• Interior photos: ceiling stains, wet insulation, attic daylight.
• Before/after photos if you make temporary repairs.

How to make photos useful:

• Include a scale reference: a tape measure, ruler, or a common object (like a 12-inch ruler or a standard-size roofing nail).
• Take photos from multiple angles to show depth and location.
• Use timestamps (camera or phone time) and keep original files — do not crop out metadata if your device stores it.
• Number your photos and keep a short note with each one: date, time, location on roof (north slope, south ridge, etc.), weather at time of photo.

Measurement checklist:

• Measure damaged area dimensions (length x width).
• Note the roof pitch (rise over run) — a simple smartphone app or degree finder can help.
• Record the approximate age and material of the roof.
• List manufacturer and product name if available (from attic or paperwork).

Documentation tips:

• Keep a copy of the home's original roofing invoice or installation paper if you have it.
• Write short notes describing when the storm happened, what you observed immediately after, and any temporary measures you took.
• Conley's certified inspectors use industry-standard inspection forms to create a clear report you can share with an adjuster.

Photo labeling and file organization

How to name and store files:

• Use a consistent naming format: YYYYMMDD_Location_Detail.jpg (e.g., 20250824_NorthSlope_Hail.jpg).
• Keep a spreadsheet or simple document that lists each photo number, file name, short description, and measurements.
• Back up photos to cloud storage and keep a local copy.

Why organization matters:

• Faster insurance processing.
• Clear records prevent disputes about timing or extent of damage.
• Conley's case files and before/after galleries often reference these organized records.

Triage: urgent vs non-urgent repairs

Not every damaged roof needs immediate replacement. Prioritize safety and limit water entry.

Urgent (call immediately / within 24 hours)

• Active leaks with interior water accumulation.
• Sagging roof or ceiling indicating structural compromise.
• Large sections of missing roof covering exposing underlayment or decking.
• Significant tree or branch penetration through roofing.
• Exposed electrical fixtures near wet areas.

Immediate actions (temporary fixes)

• Move valuables away from leaking areas.
• Place buckets under drips and protect floors with tarps.
• Temporary tarping: professional tarping can stop water entry until repairs are made. Do not attempt long-term tarps yourself unless you are confident and safe.

Non-urgent (schedule within days to weeks)

• Single missing shingles with no interior evidence of leaks.
• Minor hail bruising and isolated granule loss.
• Small flashing dent without water entry.
• Loose gutters or downspouts not leading to leaks.

Indicators that full replacement may be needed

• Roof age meets or exceeds expected life (asphalt shingles typically 15–25 years; metal and tile longer).
• Widespread granule loss or multiple damaged areas across the roof.
• Repeated leaks in aging roof sections.
• Structural decking damage found on inspection.

Note: A minor visible issue can hide more serious underlying damage. Conley's certified inspectors can perform a full diagnostic to confirm whether a repair or replacement is right.

Quick Safety Checklist ⚠️

Before any inspection:

• Do not go on the roof if it is wet, icy, or windy.
• Secure a stable ladder and maintain three points of contact.
• Wear non-slip shoes, a hard hat when needed, and gloves.
• Avoid entering the attic if there are live electrical hazards or heavy smoke.
• Follow OSHA ladder safety guidance and local building code rules when accessing roofs.

Personal protection:

• Use eye protection when working around nails and debris.
• Wear a dust mask if checking insulation or if mold is suspected.
• Keep pets and children away from the damaged area.

When in doubt, call professional emergency roofing help.

DIY vs. Call a Pro

Deciding whether to do a small repair or call Conley's Roofing depends on risk, skill, and visibility of damage.

When DIY may be reasonable:

• Replacing a single loose shingle on a low-slope roof when you have ladder experience.
• Clearing gutters of granules and leaves after a storm.
• Temporarily sealing a small flashing gap with appropriate roofing sealant until a pro can inspect.

DIY signals to avoid:

• Any roof work on steep slopes or high roofs.
• Tarping around complex penetrations like chimneys or skylights.
• Working near power lines or where a tree limb is hanging.
• Repairs that require structural work or replacing decking.

When to call a pro:

• Active leaks or interior water intrusion.
• Large areas of missing or lifted shingles.
• Evidence of structural damage or rot.
• After a major hailstorm or tornado where multiple systems are affected.
• For insurance documentation and claims support.

Conley's certified inspectors provide safe, documented inspections and can deploy emergency roofing services when needed.

What Pros Do On Arrival

When Conley's roofing team arrives, here's what to expect during a professional inspection and initial response.

Initial safety and site assessment:

• Check for hazards: downed power lines, unstable trees, gas odors.
• Secure the area and put up safety cones or caution tape if needed.

Documentation and diagnostic photos:

• Use industry-standard inspection forms (aligned with NRCA/industry best practices).
• Take high-resolution diagnostic photos and mark problem spots on the inspection report.

Damage evaluation:

• Inspect roof materials, underlayment, flashing, gutters, vents, and nearby structures.
• Perform an attic inspection to check for water intrusion and decking integrity.

Immediate mitigation:

• If water is entering, apply professional tarping or temporary flashing.
• Clear debris that causes immediate risk (loose branches, piled shingles).
• Provide a written scope of visible damage and recommended next steps.

Estimate and claim support:

• Provide a written estimate or repair plan for the homeowner.
• Offer a clear photo packet and a sample claim documentation template to share with insurance adjusters.
• Explain options for repair versus replacement, including pros and cons.

Follow-up:

• Schedule a full repair or replacement if needed.
• Keep an organized file of before/after photos and inspection forms for the homeowner and the insurer.

Prevention & Maintenance

Regular maintenance reduces risk and extends roof life. After storms, a quick preventative routine helps spot early problems.

Routine tasks:

• Inspect and clean gutters and downspouts at least twice a year.
• Trim overhanging branches and remove debris that can trap moisture.
• Check attic ventilation and insulation to prevent ice dams and condensation.
• Replace damaged flashing and seal gaps around chimneys and vents.

Seasonal tips:

• Spring: Inspect for winter ice-dam damage and replace missing shingles.
• Summer: Check for storm-related wear after lightning and hail seasons.
• Fall: Clean gutters and test downspouts before winter.
• Winter: Monitor for ice dam formation; ensure attic is properly insulated and ventilated.

Preventative services Conley's offers:

• Scheduled inspections and preventative maintenance plans.
• Gutter cleaning and downspout repair/installation.
• Ventilation and insulation assessments to reduce ice dam risk.

Authority reference:

• The International Residential Code (IRC) gives general guidelines on flashing and roof assemblies that professionals use for proper repair and replacement.

Costs & Time Factors (ranges, not quotes)

Repair and replacement costs vary by material, roof size, pitch, access, and local labor rates. These are example ranges to help you plan.

Minor repairs

• Range: $150 to $1,000
• Examples: Replacing a few shingles, patching small flashing leaks, gutter dent repair.
• Typical time: 1–2 days.

Moderate repairs

• Range: $1,000 to $5,000
• Examples: Multiple shingle areas, partial re-roof of one slope, flashing replacement around chimneys or skylights.
• Typical time: 2–5 days, depending on drying and materials.

Full roof replacement

• Range: $5,000 to $30,000+ (wide range depends on house size and materials)
• Examples: Asphalt shingle replacement, full tear-off and installation, tile or metal roof replacement.
• Typical time: Several days to a few weeks (permits, weather, and material lead times affect schedule).

Emergency tarping and temporary mitigation

• Range: $200 to $1,500 depending on size and complexity.
• Typical response: Within 24–48 hours for emergency roofing services.

Time factors affecting work:

• Weather and seasonal demand (busy storm seasons can delay scheduling).
• Permit requirements and local inspection schedules.
• Availability of materials, especially specialty roofing products.
• Extent of underlying decking or structural repair required.

Note: These are general ranges. Conley's provides written estimates after inspection.

When It’s an Emergency 🚨

Treat the situation as an emergency when any of the following are present:

• Active, heavy leakage into living spaces.
• Large tree limb through the roof.
• Visible structural failure, such as a collapsing ceiling.
• Water near electrical fixtures or circuits.
• Rapid spreading mold or severe interior damage.

Immediate steps:

• Get people and valuables out of affected areas.
• Turn off electricity to affected areas if safe and you suspect water near outlets — contact a qualified electrician if unsure.
• Call Conley's Roofing for emergency roofing response to tarp and stabilize the roof.
• Document damage quickly with photos and notes for insurance.

Working with insurance adjusters:

• Keep copies of all inspection forms, photos, and estimates.
• Provide the adjuster with the Conley's diagnostic packet, which includes labeled photos and a sample claim documentation template.
• If the insurer requests a second inspection, Conley's inspectors can coordinate and provide professional documentation.

Authoritative guidance:

• FEMA advises homeowners to take photographs and keep receipts for emergency repairs and cleanup to support claims.
• For safety around electrical hazards, follow local utility and OSHA guidance.

Local / Seasonal Considerations

Different regions see different storm damage patterns. Knowing typical seasonal behaviors helps you look for the right signs after a storm.

After derecho/hurricane season:

• Common damage: widespread wind-lifted shingles, damaged ridge vents, blown-off flashing.
• Look for consistent patterns across neighborhoods — insurers often inspect multiple homes after large events.

After hail season:

• Look for rounded bruises, dented metal, missing granules, and cracked tiles.
• Hail damage can be subtle on older roofs; a professional inspection helps determine severity.

Winter and ice-dam indicators:

• Ice dams form when heat escapes into the attic and melts snow at the ridge, which refreezes at eaves.
• Watch for water stains at ceiling edges near eaves, icicles, and packed ice in gutters.
• Improve attic insulation and ventilation to reduce ice dams, and have a roofer check for damaged ridge vents and flashing.

Regional notes:

• Coastal areas: salt air can accelerate metal corrosion; high winds can strip fasteners.
• Inland hail belts: older roofs may show many small impacts that add up to significant damage.
• Mountain regions: heavy snow load may cause structural stress; look for sagging and rafter issues.

Common misdiagnoses and how to avoid them

Homeowners sometimes mistake normal wear for storm damage or miss early signs.

Common misdiagnoses:

• Mistaking age-related granule loss for recent hail — compare to previous photos or ask for a professional comparison.
• Assuming a ceiling stain is paint discoloration rather than a leak — test for dampness and inspect the attic.
• Overlooking flashing failure near chimneys and skylights; these are common leak points even with minor storms.
• Believing a single missing shingle is cosmetic — it may expose underlayment to wind-driven rain.

Avoid mistakes by:

• Keeping pre-storm photos and service records.
• Using the photo and measurement checklist to build objective evidence.
• Getting a second opinion from a certified inspector when in doubt.

Conley's Roofing: inspection and claim support

What Conley's brings to your claim:

• Certified inspectors who use industry-standard forms and detailed diagnostic photos.
• Organized before/after case studies that show similar storm damage and typical repairs.
• A sample claim documentation template to help you present clear evidence to your insurance adjuster.

How we help:

• Fast emergency roofing response for tarping and initial mitigation.
• Detailed inspection reports suitable for insurance review.
• Clear communication about repair options and timelines.
• Coordination with insurance adjusters when requested by the homeowner.

Note: Conley's does not represent or negotiate on behalf of the insurer; we provide technical documentation and repair proposals for homeowners to share with insurers.

FAQ

Q: How soon after a storm should I inspect my roof? A: Do a ground-level scan as soon as it’s safe. Photograph any visible damage. If you find active leaks, sagging, or large missing sections, call for emergency roofing right away. For non-urgent signs, schedule a full inspection within a week or two.

Q: Can I wait to file an insurance claim? A: Delays can complicate documentation. Take photos immediately and keep records. Insurance companies generally advise reporting damage promptly. If you delay, continue to document changes and temporary fixes.

Q: Is tarping a long-term solution? A: Tarping is a temporary measure to stop water entry and protect interior finishes. A professional assessment is needed to plan permanent repairs or replacement. Tarping is not a long-term fix.

Q: Do I need a permit for roof replacement? A: Many local governments require permits for full replacements. Conley's inspectors can tell you if your project will need a permit and help prepare paperwork. Permit requirements depend on your location and local building code.

Case studies and visual examples

Conley's maintains a library of before-and-after case studies showing common storm damage repairs, hail repairs, and full replacements. Each case includes:

• Pre-storm condition (when available).
• Diagnostic photos taken after the storm, labeled and measured.
• The inspection report form used.
• Before-and-after repair photos and a brief scope of work.

These examples help homeowners understand likely steps after inspection and how documentation supports insurance claims. Ask your Conley's inspector for relevant case studies during your appointment.

References & authoritative resources

For homeowner safety and claims, the following organizations provide reliable guidance:

• FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency): recommendations for documenting storm damage and emergency repairs.
• National Weather Service (NWS): storm severity reports and local warnings.
• OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration): ladder safety and fall protection guidance.
• International Residential Code (IRC): general construction and flashing standards.
• National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA): industry best practices for roofing inspections and repair.

Use these resources to confirm safety steps and documentation practices.

Closing notes — what you’ll learn and next steps

After reading and using this guide, you should be able to:

• Recognize common exterior and interior signs of storm damage.
• Distinguish hail-specific from wind-specific clues.
• Follow a safe inspection workflow from the ground to the attic.
• Take clear photos and measurements useful for insurance adjusters.
• Triage urgent repairs versus non-urgent maintenance.
• Decide when to call Conley's for emergency roofing or a full inspection.

If you suspect storm damage, document what you find and prepare your records. When a roof issue looks risky or if you need help with claim documentation, schedule a Conley's inspection. Our certified inspectors use standardized forms, labeled diagnostic photos, and a clear report you can use with your insurance adjuster.

Call Conley's Roofing now — or reach us anytime at  1-877-278-2688 .